Sheila Kirschbaum, Education Specialist, Tsongas Industrial History Center, Lowell

1. Review: Place and the Birth and Growth of Lowell, the Industrial City
2. Flaws in the System
• beginnings of unrest: early turnouts
• education reform debates (over public funding for Irish education needs)
1. The New Culture
• public library, churches, theaters, lyceums, other cultural amenities in Lowell
• the Lowell Offering and other literary magazines
1. Tensions Rise: Reform and Protest in Mid-Century Massachusetts
• Voice of Industry as a mouthpiece for labor reformers
• the Ten-Hour Movement
• health and safety issues in textile manufacturing cities
• Lowell and the anti-slavery movement
• Concord and Cambridge writers and reform movements
  women’s rights movement